Rare Diseases in Nephrology


Many rare diseases affect the kidneys and the urinary system, some limited to the urinary system itself (e.g., membranous nephropathy), and some part of a condition (e.g., AL port syndrome) that causes additional symptoms in other organ systems. With varying degrees of severity, these diseases can affect different parts of the urinary system (kidney glomerulus, kidney tubules, urinary tract, etc.) causing numerous symptoms. Several of these diseases occur in the context of inflammation and autoimmune disease (e.g., Good pasture syndrome). Many rare types of vasculitis can also cause major kidney problems (e.g., Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis). Disorders of kidney development, kidney metabolism, or substance transport within the kidney also exist. Some are directly heritable diseases caused by genetic defects (e.g., cystinuria). Rare diseases can cause acute kidney damage (which may be repairable), but more often result in chronic kidney disease.


  • Hyperuricaemic nephropathy
  • Acute tubular necrosis

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